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Dune by Frank Herbert


Hugo and Nebula Award winner.

A legendary SF book, though it's meat and potatoes seems to be a complicated weaving of several conspiracies, secret agendas and feudal intrigue.

By no means is that all of it.  We have a serious look at the workings of a planet very different than Earth.  Arrakis is practically all desert.  All-in-all it has very few things to offer human life in general or an elite seeking more wealth in particular.  Actually, it only has one thing to offer: Melange, which is referred to as a spice.  Arrakis is the only place in the galaxy where Melange is available.  It is extremely valuable because its use allows space navigators to cross hyperspace.  It also extends a person's life, etc.

This makes Arrakis strategic and lucrative.  The interstellar empire changes feudal control over the planet from one noble family (bad guys) to another (good guys).  May the plotting and scheming begin!

The various plotters include: the bad noble family (Harkonens), a pseudo-religious organization of women with a secret human breeding program approaching its climax (Bene Gesserit), a Bene Gesserit (concubine to the good duke) who hasn't obeyed her instructions on breeding, the Guild that runs interstellar travel, Melange smugglers, tribes of fierce desert-dwelling people (Freemen), an imperial representative with a double life, and the heir to the good noble family whose plans eventually extend beyond the planet.

In the universe in which Dune takes place humans have eliminated inanimate computers and use altered humans (Mentats).  There are people who are restored to golem life after dying in combat...

Arrakis' native ecology is dominated by giant "sandworms" - creatures big enough for many people to ride on top when the worm is not below ground...

We get a close look at how the Freemen manage to live under the harsh conditions of Arrakis, their culture and their relationship to the sandworms.